Metaphysical Explanation for the Number Three :: Philosophy

Metaphysical Explanation for the Number Three What is the Number Three? When examining what sort of existence the number three has, it is important first to understand exactly how it exists relevantly in the physical world. First of all, the primary existence of number three is not a tangible existence; one cannot walk through the forest and find threes growing wild with beautiful, silky, burnt orange and maroon spotted petals and green leaves. Second of all, the number three cannot do anything by itself to declare its own existence in the physical. Unlike air, gravity, or time, which are also intangible but still capable of certain physical actions such as wind, combustion (air), gravitational pull (gravity), or orbits (time), the number three does not have the physical properties necessary to be detected by the senses of any terrestrial being by itself. So, exactly how does the number three exist? Well, it has a co-dependent existence; in order for three to exist, it requires something called "units." Three exists as an application of units, and units can be any existing thing with physical properties. The units are what determine the type of existence three has. If the unit is another application such as five, six, or seven, or a variable (a variable occurs when the units’ arrangement or amount varies) such as X or Y, then the existence is not yet detectable; this only creates another type of application or formula that requires units with physical proprieties to be "plugged into it" in order to be detected through the senses in the real world. There are two ways that three can be used as an application to units; it can be used in terms of quantitative measurement or it can be used in terms of sequences. Earlier I mentioned that you cannot walk through the forest and find threes growing wild. However, you can find three tiger lilies growing wild. The tiger lilies are the units and three is the application. This is an example of three applied as a quantitative measurement. In other words, three is the amount of tiger lilies growing. You can tell there are three tiger lilies if you count the first seen as one, the second as two, and then the third as three, and you see no other tiger lilies besides the ones counted.

A Brief History of Economics Essay

Through his use of dialectical materialism, Marx not only changed the history of economic thought, but found great illumination for himself regarding the bonds of human society. The concept that seems relatively simple in today’s complex economic world was utterly revolutionary in the time of Marx: people develop their ideas about the world (and thereby, their ideas for how society should be organized and stratified) based on the material aspects of their lives. It was an elegant extension of basic Marxist theory: capitalism, according to Marx, is interested in offering naked materialism as a kind of booby prize to make up for the means of production being taken away from the people. If the people can no longer work for themselves and no longer work at perfecting their own craft as individuals, then, as Marx correctly deduced, people would require something to validate their work. This became the center of capitalism, as Marx understood it: materialism exists as a kind of justification for capitalism, and since materialism has permeated our culture to such an extreme degree, eventually social orders began to revolve around it. Hence, what capitalism serves as the cause of what Marx saw as nothing less than ongoing class warfare. It is interesting to note that Marx believed a violent revolution on the part of the proletariat was not simply a possible method of changing things, but actually served as the only method of changing things. This is because materialism was so embedded into class structures (which, in turn, was so embedded in power structures), and the only way for society to functionally survive was for it to become overturned completely. It is also interesting to note the ongoing effect that Marx has had on philosophic thought: materialism had previously been dislodged by Descartes and the famous declaration â€Å"I think, therefore I am;† as far as most people who pondered these things could conclude, thought preceded matter. However, Marx not only brought materialism to the philosophic forefront—the then-controversial idea that material preceded thought—but illustrated the notion that the abstractions of materialism had been concretized by capitalism into purchasable goods. 2: Marx and the Secret Source of Profit Perhaps the most enduring notion of Marx’s is the so-called secret of the source of profit under a capitalistic society†¦though such is Marx’s legacy of intellectual thought, a great many people simply accept this notion as reality: the source of profit is the surplus value that an employer gains from laborers. After all, the means of production have been taken from the people: skilled artisan cobblers have been replaced by factory line workers churning out shoe after shoe after shoe. The money saved by employing this assembly-line method of industrial production becomes pure profit for the employer. Interestingly, Marx tethered this to his own theories on circulating capital—that is, something that does not last, and is used up in the production of other goods and services, in direct opposition to fixed capital, which is traditionally held for over a year by a business or institution. Marx astutely deduced that the distinction between these concepts is not only relative, but arbitrary: the idea that capital held for 365 days is circulating and that capital held for 366 days is fixed is absurd. However, it allows the proletariat to essentially gloss over their own necessity to the entire institution of capitalism: they are led to believe that society is held up by the fixed capital of major investors and their long-term investments. In reality, society is held aloft by the ongoing purchases of the common man (and woman): their disposable income is burned off to provide them a sense that capitalism is worth it†¦it turn, their disposable income is used to make the rich richer, as the cliche goes, all the way up the capitalist pyramid. In Marx’s view, this is one of many ways that those in power forestall the seemingly unavoidable class war that he advocates: those with power—the purchasing power of the common man—are convinced they have none, and are bought off with trinkets. It is interesting to note that this echoes the master/slave morality inversion of Nietzsche. 3: Marginalists and the Economy In the evolution of economic theory, the impact of marginalism cannot be overstated. Once one had accepted the blunt realities of Marx—specifically, that society was organized based on the perceived value of items—the logical question remained: how does one quantify the value of an item? Marginalism illustrated the diminishing returns on the marginal utility of resold products, which dramatically impacted analysis of capitalist economy, the focus of economic analysis, and theories of value and distribution. Regarding the analysis of capitalist economy, marginalism helped solidify the supply and demand notion of economics as that of mainstream economic thought, as opposed to the labor theory of value espoused by Karl Marx. To put it mildly, this has had ongoing economic effects for the last century and a half. The focus of economic analysis shifted accordingly, as marginalism interacted with price theory: this allowed economics to project demand curves utilizing marginal rates of substitution as a means of determining not only when, but why a seller is willing to relinquish a product for a particular price. Perhaps one of the most lasting effects of marginalism on economic thought has been its effect on theories of value and distribution. With the previous measures in place, economists (as well as common people) now had a more-or-less accurate measure of determining the value of any given product in any given social context. Of course, this also effects the ongoing distribution of certain products to certain demographics in order to maximize profitability. Interestingly, this is one of the chief criticisms of marginalism as well: that it is a vague pseudoscience whose intent is to maintain not only the economic status quo, but the appearance of the status quo. It is no surprise, then, that Marxists continue to grapple with marginalist theory: they see it as a means of keeping the proletariat in check, and preventing any uprisings from them. 4: Thorstein Veblen: Survival of the Fattest Thorstein Veblen, for better or worse, specialized in bringing the human element into economic theory. Specifically, he theorized that the institution of the leisure class was a parasite feeding upon America: upon the backs of workers who are actually productive are a class who seek only profit and produce nothing but waste. He essentially created and popularized the notion of conspicuous consumption as the epitome of this theory: that wealthy individuals spend large amounts of money on ostentatious goods whose sole benefit is to publicly display their wealth to the world. Unfortunately, this has become an integral part of the economy: although an engineer might weep at the man spending over a hundred thousand dollars for a car, the American economy would be crippled if conspicuous consumption vanished overnight. Hence, the parasite metaphor: conspicuous consumption and naked profit helps the wealthy to bloat themselves on the backs of the poor until the entire enterprise inevitably crumbles under its own weight. Veblen perceived quite clearly that human notions about the world are social constructs created by individuals, and as time went on, those notions would change, necessitating a change in economic thought as well. He makes frequent comparisons to evolution to further this end: idle curiosity spurs innovation, innovation spurs conflict between the old guard and the innovators, and an economic Darwinism is born. The advent of industry and technological revolutions merely expanded his original point: the parasitic relationship continued unabated, as the innovations of the productive engineer class were inevitably utilized as means of conspicuous consumption and waste on the part of the leisure class. Planes are developed as a result of idle curiosity, for instance, but it is the leisure class that necessitates the invention of first class as a way of displaying their own status in the social hierarchy.

Article Review Age Related Changes Decision Making ...

Circadian Inhibition of Neuroplasticity The research article that I have chosen for this paper is called â€Å"Age-Related Changes in Decision Making: Comparing Informed and Noninformed Situations†. This research study was conducted Anna C. K. Van Duijvenvoorde, Brenda R. J. Jansen, Joren C. Bredman, and Hilde M. Huizanga, who all had attended the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. This report article falls under the Journal of Developmental Psychology, which was published in 2012. The article itself was first published online on October 3, 2011. Life is full of all sorts of different decisions to choose from, which is working the memory of the brain. This decision making skill is believed to grow during in the beginning ages of adulthood; however, not many researchers have fully tested and understood the development and improvement of the decision making skill. Some scientists have said that the developmental changes in decision making are significantly reliant on the storage of the long-term memory. Therefore, Van Duijvenvoorde, Jansen, Bredman, and Huizanga had all conducted this research study to further explore the possible influences that can cause the developmental variations in uncertain decision making, as well as, analyze how well the decision making skill improves during the Iowa Gambling Test. The researchers created their own Iowa Gambling tests. It is basically a test where there are problems that challenge one’s decision making skills. There will always

Knowledge of Group Processes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1819 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF GROUP PROCESSES 1.0 Describe clearly two situations one of which describes a situation where a group is clearly appropriate and another where a group is clearly inappropriate or each situations describe clearly explain the situation and analyse why it is appropriate / inappropriate. Ans. Appropriate group: Appropriate group is a group in which a team is required for a particular work or task for example Nike. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge of Group Processes" essay for you Create order Nike produce different products like footwear, bags and cloths etc. So they require different sections for different work for example Manager, Accountant, Chief Operating officer (CEO) and labour etc. Inappropriate group: Inappropriate is a group in which a single person can do any work and task so there is no need of any team for example teacher. A single teacher can teach any particular subject so there is no group of teachers required for teaching a single subject. 2.0 Discuss a minimum five advantage and five dis-advantage of working in groups. This may include answers such as synergy, quality of decisions, commitment to decision, relationship building, task familiarity, task complexity. Ans. Advantage of group: Better ideas: Members of different skills are able to come up with more effective solution of any problem. Better outcomes: A group can bring additional resources to develop and contribute to poor person to reduce risk of further monitoring because teamwork can lead to better business results. Mutual support: In group people can encourage each other and they can support one other so they can excess any work. More achievements: Different minds have different ideas so a member in group can achieve specific goal more effectively. Skill development: Being a part of multicultural group a person can gain more skills such as speaking, listening and leadership and more will help you to develop your personal skills. Disadvantage of group: Fair share: In a group some worker do more work than others so there will be some misunderstanding between the member of group and the whole group will agonise. Preventive creativity: In a group a person will focus on a particular concept in which a person can fit so the creativity will be limited. Understanding problems: In a multicultural group, some people can’t understand what other member want’s to say for example Chinese are not good in speaking English so it is very hard to understand what he wants to say. Time taking: In a group everyone has different mind so they think differently and it will be time consuming to take a quality decision in a group. Personal issues: In a group there will be many personal issues for example some member of a group will be abusive and more dependent to others so it will be an issue in a group. 3.0 Utilising Hackman’s Model of group effectiveness, discuss the key factors that influence group of effectiveness. Ans. 4.0 Briefly describe a formal group which you have been a member of. Clearly describe its organisational context. Ans. At the time I am working in a European restaurant and its name is Libertine. In a restaurant different skilled people required for different work for example chef for cooking, manager for managing restaurant, kitchen hand for helping chef, waiter for serving and a person for receiving bills. Every person’s contribution is important otherwise restaurant will shut down. Without a single section restaurant will not run so it is a very good example of group work. 5.0 Identify the group goals and norms that are operating within your group? Ans. Group goals: 1. Customer satisfaction: It is a very important to give full satisfaction to a customer with the service and excellent food provided. 2. Friendly Environment: I n a restaurant there will be good ambience and good interaction between customers and staff so they can improve the way of service. 3. Improving sales: The target of the restaurant is repeating customers and attracting more customers to increase the sales by providing good food and service. Group norms: Norms are the behaviour and models which are establish and accepted by all the team members. If the group either implicitly or explicitly develops positive work norms the group would work toward greater chances of being an effective group like as per the case study they all are seemed to work together on all assignments. There seemed to be a laughter in the group and some time it could be quite disruptive to others in the room trying to study. 6.0 Identify both the Task and Maintenance roles exhibited by all participants within your group? Summarise by explaining the overall effect of these roles on the groups functioning. Ans. Task roles: Task roles are the roles that in itiate to get the job done. In a restaurant there are different tasks to do. The role of head chef is maintain food quality and taste and also introducing different menu on some special occasions and most important is health and safety of staff members. On the other hand Manager Role is to manage restaurant and take quick actions on any deterioration and accountant part is to give wages to the employees on time. Maintenance roles: Maintenance roles are the tasks provide oil in machine by encouraging people by mentally or emotionally. In a restaurant there are different maintenance roles like gatekeeper, his job is to welcome customer in a restaurant and at the end give farewell to the customer. Also the role of manager is to encourage staff and to give specific work to person his job is to manage overload of work on a single employee. 7.0 Explain the main leadership style that is used within your group. Additionally explain two different leadership styles from group that you h ave been a member of comparing these to your main group. Ans. The main leader of a restaurant is Manager he plays different roles in a restaurant. His job is to monitoring less wastage in a restaurant and managing work schedule for kitchen staffs. Also his work is to arrange health and safety equipment for staff and customers. He has to check freshness of delivered food and product and maintain budget of wages and product. If any customer give negative feedback than manager has to take quick action and to recover what is wrong as well as he has to maintain records and standard of a restaurant. Most important work of a manager is to make successful menu and appropriate price of the dishes. 8.0 Explain a minimum of three decision making styles used in your group comparing their effect on the functioning of the group? Ans. The three decision making styles are: Decision by command: Group leader uses his information he possess to solve the problem. He/she does not consult inf ormation in any form with anyone. The manager examines all the relevant option and has enough information to make an effective decision. Decision by compromise: In decision of this type many member of group will not satisfy with the decision but due to some situation they have to make compromise with their decision. At the end the results was always good but not the best. Decision by analysis: Sometime a leader does not possess enough information to decide, then they will need to obtain more information and skills. He cannot tell what the problem is; usually, they just ask for information. Then leader evaluates the information and makes an effective decision. 9.0 Identify the potential consequences of groupthink on the process of effective decision making within your group. Describe any two possible strategy to avoid group-think and their effect on the functioning of the group? Ans. 10. Explain using a model of group development the group processes that have occurred within your group? Ans. Development stages of a group: Forming: At this stage all team members are positive and polite. The entire team will work as it is not some concern. Others are simply excited about the task ahead. Team members, roles and tasks are not clear, because as a leader, you play a leading role at this stage. People start to work as in this stage, may continue for some time, and they get to recognise new partner as an effort to. Storming: Team members natural style is a conflict between works, which often starts storming. People can work in different ways, but different working styles cause the problem worse, they may be upset. Norming: Now your team members know each other better, that they can trace together, and they ask each other for help and are able to give positive suggestions. The team with a strong assurance to the goal of development, and also to begin to see progress. Performing: Work hard to achieve the goal of the team without abrasion, le ads the team reaches the stage performing. Group have set up a good support, the structure and function. Adjouring: At this stage the task was successfully completed. Its purpose has been achieved and everyone feel good about it. As an organisational prospective new things can move on. 11. Utilising Hofstede’s model, identify a minimum of three cultural influences on your groups functioning. Clearly explain how each cultural influences affects the groups functioning? Ans. 12. Describe both the positive and negative effects of conflict on the functioning of your group. Ans. Frequently angry disagreement, which results in strong difference between groups is known as group conflict. Positive effects of conflict: Upgraded results: Work for the team most often reference for a confident amount of growth and quality of ideas within a group share. Furthermore, the work of the team members to discuss their ideas and have the chance to argue their strength or weak ness. The best ideas and most creative solutions to the problems that can be apply on it. Collective work: Working with other employees within the work group often identified advantage of the stock. Decisions are made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and work for the formation of a single work of any member of a team is not overcome by his personal liability for that, therefore employees can share the bond for the work. Negative effects of conflict: Self-management: Self-management may be requested and for some team interaction, lack of organizational support or both cannot meet the challenge so it can cause less production. Team clash: To work in a team to get close to other people is a major loss that social activity can cause struggles. Proximity of the group work the employee was working alone, you make it even more important than the nature of the rejection can failure. Exclusions rise within a group when they still have the promise of work and responsibility, si nce only one other partner cannot ignore. 13. Describe how each of the following strategy offset the impact of conflict within your group? Provide examples where appropriate? (a) Accommodation. (b) Avoidance. (c) Compromise. (d) Competition. (e) Collaboration. 14. Identify a minimum of two preferred conflict management styles based on your cultural preferences. Discuss these styles in the context of the impact on managing conflict within your group. Ans.

Obesity Obesity And Obesity - 1242 Words

Obesity and Nutrition More than one-third (34.9%) (The State of Obesity) of the American population is overweight. The definition for obesity is the condition of being grossly fat or overweight. Obesity can happen for many reasons, including age, gender, hereditary obesity, stereotype obesity, and fast food restaurants and their marketing. For example, a 50-year-old man can add pounds faster than a 5-year-old child can because of his age. Obesity is a growing problem that society needs to deal with. What is the extent of obesity in the U.S.? American’s love to eat, but eating any type of food with little or no physical movement is the main cause of being overweight or obese. Approximately, 17 % of children and teenagers (ages 2 to 19) are obese and 31.8 % are either overweight or obese. More than one in twelve children is obese in early childhood (The State of Obesity). American’s choose to stay inside and watch television, play video games, or focus on their phones. S tress can play a big role as well in overeating. Indulging in food can be a distraction from their stress or a belief to make matters better, where a smoker smokes to give them a distraction from their stress. Eating can be a disease, a pleasurable addiction that spirals out of control. However, like most addictions it can be controlled. Indiana now has the seventh highest adult obesity rate in the nation. Indiana’s adult obesity rate is currently 32.7 %. Adult obesity rate by age are; 18 to 25 is 19.9 %,Show MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Obesity986 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is one of the major health epidemics that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be b lamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obesity. OverRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity798 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity Close to over one-third of adults living in the United States are obese (Diet and Obesity). Unfortunately, one third of children in the United States are also obese or overweight. Obesity has grown throughout the United States and has led to major health problem and can even be fatal. About 365,000 or more people die every year due to obesity. With numbers increasing obesity should be furthered examined to help prevent these conditionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1442 Words   |  6 Pages5/13/16 Take home Project: Obesity Obesity basically means having too much body fat. Not being overweight for your height, having too much muscle, or water in your body. What exactly is obesity? â€Å"Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting. Obesity is classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is a tool used to measure obesity. Obesity increases your risk ofRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1318 Words   |  6 PagesObesity Epidemic Due to Fast Food or Something More Obesity is rising at a rapid rate here in the United States, especially childhood obesity. The obesity epidemic is one of the country’s most serious health problems. Adult obesity rates have doubled since 1980 from 15 to 30 percent, while childhood obesity rates have more than tripled. Is there a link in obesity and fast food eating? Are fast food restaurants to blame for our nation’s obesity issues? Or are we ourselves and our lack of knowledgeRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesleads to health risks and obesity, people are still putting unhealthy food into their body daily.   The United States has the highest obesity rate in the world by 6% and the government should be helping to lower that percentage (http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Health/Obesity).   The best for the United States to help the obesity rate is by implementing a fat tax.   A fat tax is a tax on foods that are considered unhealthy and are believed to lead people to obesity.   The main way fat taxesRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1417 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned. Doctors often use a formula based on height and weight, called body mass index (BMI), to determine obesity. Children with a BMI over 21 is considered obese and over 18 is overweight (Arnett, J.J.2016). Adults with a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. Severe obesity, also known as severe obesity or morbid obesity, occurs when a BMI of 40 or more is present. With morbid obesity, there may be serious health problems. If children do not have enough activities, they will not be able to burnRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagescertificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for Disease Control refers to â€Å"twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity, because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes, and the number of Americans who are obese has been increasing rapidly† (9). A newly developed term, â€Å"diabesity,† is commonly used to represent the close relationship between obesity and diabetes (8). Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood and is defined when the pancreas fails to produce a healthy amountRead MoreObesity : Obesity And The Obesity2209 Words   |  9 Pages OBESITY in America As the world is growing day by day the problem of obesity is also increasing all over the world. Since from1980 to 2014, the obesity has risen two times as compared to the previous years. The obesity is related to the how much energy is left, but the most important cause of having the obesity is â€Å"dysbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure† (Nazarii Kobyliak 1). The obesity is the excessive fat in the body and it can cause to any age group form child to the oldRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity892 Words   |  4 Pagesadults are considered obese in America. In recent years obesity is the health topic of choice these days because obesity in America is a growing epidemic. One out of twenty people in America have extreme obesity. According to a 2009-2010 survey conducted by the National Health and Nutrition examination this data states that about one third of children and adolescents ages six to nine are considered to be overweight or obese. Adolescent obes ity has more than tripled in young adults and doubled in childrenRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity985 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity is one of the major health epidemic that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obesity.

Net Income Intermediate Accounting

Question: Discuss about theNet Income for Intermediate Accounting. Answer: Introduction Net income is the measure or the calculation of the amount of total revenue/income that exceed total expenses.Net income also known as net profit.Net profit is calculated by subtracting expenses from the total revenue (Simanovsky 2010 p.23). = Total revenue Total expenses Total Revenue is the adding of all the income coming to the business after sale of goods. Revenue of trust includes: Consulting income $467,000 Rental income from the investment apartment $17,000- (Depreciation from the previous financial year of $15,600) 17,000-15,600 = $1,400 Interest on Bank deposits $1,000 Fully franked dividend from BHP $32,000 Capital gain on a commonwealth bank shares $58,000 Total Revenue = = $559,400 Expenses Body corporate fees on income producing property $ 5,000 Interests on money borrowed to purchase investment apartment $15,000 Legal expenses related from a new loan to acquire the investment apartment $ 5,500 Fees paid to a registered tax agency in May 2016 $ 1,100 New computer $7,700 New photocopier $3,300 Travel to and from work $1,000 Operating expenses including Davids salary $45,000 New motor vehicle $65,000 Trust tax loss from an earlier income year $10,000 Apartments chattels depreciations $15,600 Total expenses = $189,200 Net income = 559,400-189,200=$370,200 Net profit is =$370,200 Each beneficiary is allowed to get equal shares of the property of the trust. The net income is shared between David and his wife. The expense cost is divided equally among the two since they help determine the net income of the trust (Troy 2008, p.120). Consulting income, which is $476,000 maybe, split into two each member getting $233,500.The rental income which is 17,000 will be split among the two each member getting $8,500 but the apartment had depreciated in the last financial year with a depreciation of 15,600 hence all the member will get $700 which in total is 1400 .The interest on the bank deposits split into two, will give each member $500 each. Franked dividend from the BHP divided equally in the two will give each member $16,000 and $29,000 from the capital gain in the commonwealth bank share. David and his wife income without including the expenses will get $287,500 but this amount does not include tax and the business expenses (Gibson 2009, p.89). The expenses, which include the Body corporate fees on income producing property at $ 5,000, interests on money borrowed to purchase investment apartment at $15,000, Legal expenses related from a new loan to acquire the investment apartment at $ 5, 500, Fees paid to a registered tax agency at $ 1,100, will be split between the two owners. Not only are the profits shared equally but also the expenses. New computer at $7,700, new photocopier at $3,300, Travel expenses at $1,000, operating expenses including salary at $45,000, new motor vehicle at $65, 00, Trust tax loss from an earlier income year at $10,000 and Apartments chattels depreciations at $15,600 expenses will be divided equally between David and wife. Each member from the cost sharing will get $94,600.David and his wife net income is equal to $287,500-94,600=192,900.Each member will get a net income of $192,900 (Leach 2010, p.89). SCL Partnership Interest income from term deposits $25,800 Dividends Plastic Australia Pty Ltd $175,000 Franked 100% company profits 100%, tax paid is 30% dividend paid is 70 = 175,000 *30/70=$75,000 Commonwealth Bank of Australia ltd (CBA) $85,000 Franked at 65%= hence 65%=85000 35%=85000*30/35= $72,857.14 Dell computers Inc. $47,600 Rental from commercial shops $125,080 Total income= $521,337 Expenses Legal expenses on loan $5,800 Lease preparation costs paid to a solicitor $7,700 Interest paid on the loan $125,000 Salary paid to Mr. Chan $75,000 Total expenses= $213,500 Total income=521,337-213,500= $307,837 $ 307,837 GST is abroad-based tax of 10% on goods and services offered by a company with a turnover of $50,000 per annum and on good sold and consumed in Australia (Troy 2008, p.90). GST rent from commercial shops =125,080 10*125080/100=$12,508 Reference Epstein, B. J, Bragg, N. M., Nach, R. (2009). Wiley Gaap 2010: interpretation and application of generally accepted accounting principles p.90. Kieso, D. E, Weygandt, J. J, Warfield, T. D. (2011). Intermediate accounting. Vol. 1 Vol. 1. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley Sons. Cch incorporated. (2008). Top accounting issues for 2009: CPE course. Chicago, CCH p.45. Mackenzie, B., Coetsee , D., Njikizana, T., Selbst, E., Chamboko, R., Colyvas, B., Hanekom, B. (2013). Wiley IFRS 2013: interpretation and application of international financial reporting standards p.134. Pkf international, ltd. (2016). Wiley ifrs 2016: interpretation and application of international financial reporting standards. [Place of publication not identified], John Wiley. Epstein, B. J., Bragg, S. M., Nach, R. (2009). Wiley Gaap 2010: interpretation and application of generally accepted accounting principles. [includes new codification]. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley pg.197. Dong, B. (2008). The discretionary reporting of noncontrolling interests and its association with the market assessment of credit risk p.87. Mard, M. J., Hitchner, J. R., Hyden, S. D. (2011). Valuation for financial reporting: fair value, business combinations, intangible assets, goodwill, and impairment analysis. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley pg. 67. Troy, L. (2008). Almanac of business and industrial financial ratios. Chicago, IL: CCH p.68. Leach, R. (2010). Ratios made simple: A beginner's guide to the key financial ratios. Petersfield, Hampshire: Harriman House p.134. Gibson, C. H. (2009). Financial reporting analysis: Using financial accounting information. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning p.g 46. Bull, R. (2008). Financial ratios: How to use financial ratios to maximize value and success for your business. Amsterdam: Elsevier/CIMA Pub pg.234. Albrecht, W. S. (2007). Accounting, concepts applications. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western p.132. Duchac, J. E., Warren, C. S., Reeve, J. M. (2011). Accounting using Excel for success. Mason, Ohio: South-Western p.69. A dictionary of accounting. (2010). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Simanovsky, S. (2010). Accounting for beginners. Grandville, MI: Global Finance School p.156.

Cyber Security Smart Survey And Challenges â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Is The Impact Of Cyber-Security Challenges On The Business? What Strategies Can Be Developed To Deal With Cyber-Attacks? Answers: Introduction The proposed research is based on the challenges and issues observed in cyber security for the business in the recent time. It has been observed that businesses are now fully depended on the technology, which means that due to the technological advancement, the ways of leading the business in a dynamic environment has become quite easy for the marketers. However, even though, the technology plays a big role in todays modern business, due to the loophole in the technologies, the businesses often face external threats such as stealing valuable information, anonymous access to bank accounts or organizations official sites and other cyber attacks. According to Aloul et al., (2012) ICT devices as well as elements are largely interdependent and disrupt of one could affect many others. The Information Technology experts and the policy makers have expressed their concern regarding the protection of businesses from the cyber attacks. Here, the acts of protecting the ICT system as well as thei r contents are considered as cyber security. In this report, a detail about the proposed research has been discussed elaborately. The report presents the idea how the research is going to be conducted. The report provides the project scope, which includes the determining and documenting a list of particular project goals, features, tasks, deadline and other significant factors. Likewise, the report also includes the key objectives of the proposed research. Considering the background to the research, the research questions and objectives have been provided in this report. Furthermore, the research report also includes a set of research techniques that will be applied to the proposed study. Background to research Several studies have been conducted to learn the impact of the issues related to cyber-security on businesses. The current scenario indicates that the marketers rush to implement all policies related to cyber security to protect their business from the external threats. It is observed that the federal role in cyber security includes both securing federal system as well as assisting in preserving the non-federal systems. A study conducted by Busch and Givens (2012) mentioned that protecting the valuable intellectual property as well as the business information in the digital form against the theft as well as misuse remains as the critical management issue. Dunn Cavelty (2013) indicated in their study that organization must have to fend off the regular cyber-attacks and the threats of cyber criminal. Dumitras and Neamtiu, (2011) mentioned that sophisticated organizations have recently endured the public breaches to their technological environment and many incidents went unreported but the marketers are not eager to advertise or describe the vulnerabilities. On the other side, the study conducted by Liu et al. (2012), mentioned that most large organizations have gradually reinforced their cyber security capabilities over the past few years. Nonetheless, due to this argumentative outcome, the present study observes the importance of conducting an investigation on cyber security challenge and its impact on the businesses. Project Scope Understanding the importance of examining the impact of cyber-security on business, the proposed research has been framed with a primary analysis. This will help to conduct the analysis with the practical evidences. The proposed study abandons the secondary analysis because the research might not provide an authentic outcome that is related to the real-world context. In order to conduct a primary analysis, an organization- Australian National Bank will be considered as the case study organization in the proposed study. Moreover, the proposed study also focuses on the existing studies conducted on the same topic. In order to conduct the literature review, 20 journals have been considered and hence, the analysis will help to find out the gaps in the previous studies. In addition to this, to collect the primary data, a survey and interview will be conducted among the employees and senior executives of Australian National Bank. However, the research is restricted to primary analysis only , any sort thematic and comparative analysis will not be included in the proposed study. Eventually, a research time line has been provided in the following, which shows how the research has been scheduled to be conducted. Project Objectives and aim The major aim of the study is to examine the impact of cyber-security challenges and issues on the business organizations. The following are the key objectives of the research: To critically investigate the impact of cyber security challenges on the business To critically understand the importance of protecting the business information from the cyber attacks To develop suitable strategies to resolve the cyber-security issues Research Hypotheses H0-Cyber security challenges have no impact on the businesses H1- Cyber security challenges have impact on the businesses Literature Review Many studies have been conducted on cyber security challenges and their impact on the businesses. Each study has been framed with variety of requirements and techniques; thereby, the outcome of the study came out to be different. The study conducted by Bonaci et al., (2015) mentioned that as the technology is continuously growing to develop, the opportunities and challenges also come out. However, as the society that runs widely on the technology, the business, as the consequences are dependent on it. The technology also brings the greater threats. According to Wang and Lu (2013), by the very nature of the opportunities, the technology presents, the technology becomes a focal point for the cyber attacks and threats. Sridhar, Hahn and Govindarasu (2012) particularly focused on the threats of data manipulation, identify theft and cyber-warfare that have a strong impact on the businesses. Moreover, the studies claim that as the world environment transitions large amount of products and service online, the people in turn depend on them. Protecting this technology infrastructure has now become a fundamental building block for the information system internationally. It is understood that existing studies have focused on the type of threats and attacks occurred in the businesses through the technological adoption but the studies have hardly provided any relevant outcome in terms of the strategies. However, an in-depth literature review will be conducted considering 20 different journals conducted on the present topic. Research Methodology Research methodology determines the outcome of the study, which means the implementation of the techniques determine the result of the study. In order to conduct the proposed study, appropriate primary research techniques will be applied to the study. The type of methods will be applied to the study has been discussed in the following. Data collection methods The data collection is usually divided into two different categories primary and secondary data collection. Primary data collection- The primary data collection method is categorized into two different groups such quantitative and qualitative data collection. It is observed that quantitative data collection techniques are based in mathematical calculation in different formats. In the proposed study, the primary data collection techniques include the questionnaire with the close-ended questions such as the method of correlation, mean, mode, median and others. On the contrary, the qualitative research method does not consist of number and mathematical calculation and this method is rather related to emotion, sounds, voices and other relevant elements. This research methodology focuses on the level of depth of understanding. In the proposed study, the quantitative data collection involves the survey method, which will be conducted among the employees of Australian National Bank. Conversely, for collecting qualitative data, interview method will be applied to the proposed study. However, for c onducting the survey and interview, a particular sampling method will be applied, which is discussed in the following. Secondary data- The secondary data will be used for conducting the literature review in the proposed study. Almost 20 journals have been selected for conducting the literature review. The secondary data will be collected from the journals, books, blogs, newsletter, annual report and other reliable secondary sources. Apart from the collection of data, reliability and validity of the papers will also be checked. Sampling method As put forward by Babbie (2010), sampling can be described as the particular principle applied to make the choices of members of population to be included in the research. It is also appropriately noted that as many population interest are very large to work directly. It can be mentioned that because of the brad size of target population, the studies do not have any choices besides to research a number of case elements in the population to present the population and reach the population. For the proposed study, the sampling has been categorized into two different categories such as probability and non-probability sampling. In probability sampling, every individual of the population has less or zero chance of being involved in the study. On the other side, non-probability samplings are chosen on a non-random manner; thereby, not each population member has a chance to take part in the study. However, in the present study, both probability and non-probability sampling method will be applied. The probability sampling method will include the general employees of Australian National Bank. Hence, the employees are eligible for the survey because they do not need much knowledge about the occurrence of cyber threats and challenges and their impact on the businesses. Conversely, the non-probability sampling method will include IT executives and managers of Australian National Bank; certainly, they have much knowledge about the type of threats, attacks, thefts and other relevant technological attacks. Thereby, the managers and the executives are the perfect the suitable individuals among all type of population. This means, the proposed study will include a mixed sampling method. The sample size for the proposed survey and interview is 100 employees and 5 managers respectively. It is identified that reliability and validity should be tested and clarified before applying the method s to the study. Research reliability and validity As put forward by Wilson (2010) the reliability is referred to the extent to which the same response can be derived with the help of the same instruments many a time. The outcome of the proposed study will be reliable because if the analysis is made using the same interview and survey method. Therefore, in future when other researchers will conduct the research on the same topic, they could derive the same result with interview and survey methods. In this context, Babbie (2010) mentioned that reliability revolves around the source and it is mostly associated with the subjectivity. On the contrary, the data that will be collected for analysis is validity because to conduct the research, appropriate time scale of the research along with appropriate research method will be selected. In addition, to conduct the study, the most suitable method for the research will be selected. Whenever, the study will be conducted with such similar methods, the same response will come out. Moreover, it i s not possible to eliminate the threats to studys reliability and validity but it is ensured that much effort will be put to minimize as much risk as possible. Research Limitation The proposed study is limited to primary analysis only; this means that no thematic and comparative analysis will be conducted in the proposed study. In addition to this, sample size for the proposed study is very constrained. The study will be conducted considering one single organization only, but the study would be more intensive, if a comparative is conducted. Research Timeline Main activities/ stages Month Aug- Month Sep-Dec- Month Jan-march- Month April-July- Month August-September- Month October Topic Selection Data collection from secondary sources Framing layout of the research Literature review Formation of the research Plan Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques Primary data collection Analysis Interpretation of Data Collection Conclusion of the Study Formation of Rough Draft Submission of Final Work Table 1: Research Timeline Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that the proposed study will provide a desired result because all relevant methods will be applied to the study. In addition to this, the literature review will help to focus on the relevant areas as previous studies have missed out several relevant factors. However, in the proposed study, those factors will be covered References Aloul, F., Al-Ali, A. R., Al-Dalky, R., Al-Mardini, M., El-Hajj, W. (2012). Smart grid security: Threats, vulnerabilities and solutions.International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy,1(1), 1-6. Babbie, E. R. (2010) The Practice of Social Research, Cengage Learning Bonaci, T., Herron, J., Yusuf, T., Yan, J., Kohno, T., Chizeck, H. J. (2015). To make a robot secure: An experimental analysis of cyber security threats against teleoperated surgical robots.arXiv preprint arXiv:1504.04339. Busch, N. E., Givens, A. D. (2012). Public-private partnerships in homeland security: Opportunities and challenges.Homeland Security Affairs,8(1). Choo, K. K. R. (2011). The cyber threat landscape: Challenges and future research directions.Computers Security,30(8), 719-731. Dumitras, T., Neamtiu, I. (2011). Experimental Challenges in Cyber Security: A Story of Provenance and Lineage for Malware.CSET,11, 2011-9. Dunn Cavelty, M. (2013). From cyber-bombs to political fallout: Threat representations with an impact in the cyber-security discourse.International Studies Review,15(1), 105-122. Line, M. B., Tndel, I. A., Jaatun, M. G. (2011, December). Cyber security challenges in Smart Grids. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe), 2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Liu, J., Xiao, Y., Li, S., Liang, W., Chen, C. P. (2012). Cyber security and privacy issues in smart grids.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,14(4), 981-997. OConnell, M. E. (2012). Cyber security without cyber war.Journal of Conflict and Security Law,17(2), 187-209. Sridhar, S., Hahn, A., Govindarasu, M. (2012). Cyberphysical system security for the electric power grid.Proceedings of the IEEE,100(1), 210-224. Wang, W., Lu, Z. (2013). Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges. Computer Networks, 57(5), 1344-1371. Wilson, J. (2010) Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project SAGE Publications