Chattel Slavery as a Institution

St. Vincent and the grenadines community college| The Caribbean: A history of Chattel Slavery and what it brought to the Caribbean| An Internal Assessment| | Okieve Graham| 12/1/2011| â€Å"By the 19th century the slave ship had brought much more than chattel slaves to the Caribbean. †| Introduction: Chattel Slavery affected the Caribbean by bringing it from its Mesoamerican roots to the vibrant mix of races that coexist and cohabitate it today. The Africans and other races brought their art, music and their very way of life to the Caribbean. I am researching this topic to go in depth and examine how the Caribbean came to be what it is today. I am driven to research this topic because it means something to us as a people, something that is worth knowing, and something that is worth remembering. It will bring the bond with our ancestral ties stronger than ever before. Knowledge is power and knowing our past will make us linked to one another. This is a step to unity to us in the Caribbean. There are arguments against this view and blatant disregard for the obvious changes in the world have been made. There are some with the beliefs of White supremacy but all this adds in the mix of different beliefs in the Caribbean. Never before in history have an entire society and race of people have been affected in such a large scale. Nonetheless, one can give thanks to our European forefathers, if those events did not occur, the Caribbean could not be the community as we knew it today. Chattel slavery not only brought commerce to its geographically unique location but it also resulted in a rich and colorful world, complete with its own mix of cultures, music, art and belief systems. Chapter 1: Origin of Chattel Slavery in the Caribbean The term â€Å"chattel† is defined as an article of tangible, personal property. One can therefore see the underlying effect of the choice of words in comparison to how the Europeans viewed the black race. They viewed the African race as a sub-species, animalistic and inhumane. This was because of their color and their religion and way of life. One must remember the Europeans believed that their religion was the only one and true way so that means their way of life was viewed as pagan. Eric Williams however stated that â€Å"Slavery was not born of racism: rather, racism was the consequence of slavery. Unfree labor in the New World was brown, white, black and yellow; Catholic, Protestant and Pagan† (7) It is his opinion that racism was not a beneficial factor in the creation of the institution of Slavery but in my further studies, race did in fact play an important role in the enslavement of the African people. Also, one can see from Williams’ deduction that religion also played a role, it was categorized according to what race you were. The labor force however comprised of the Mesoamerican inhabitants of the Caribbean, White indentured servants from Europe and Africans. White indentured servants were whites who worked in the Caribbean. There is a notable difference in their title in that, they were called servants instead of slaves. Again, white supremacy reigned in the society at that time. There was an economic need for cheap labor, hence Africans were in high abundance and it was quite cheap to acquire them and ship them across through the Atlantic to the New World. They were also a form of human capital, being property; a value was put over their head. The money which procured a white man’s services for ten years could buy a Negro for life. The economic superiority of free hired labor over slave is obvious even to the slave owner. Slave labor is given reluctantly, it is unskillful, and it lacks versatility. Not so much that the Europeans were the only ones playing apart in enslaving the Africans, but it was also African sons and brothers who helped to facilitate this. There were the men who were paid to acquire the required persons for shipment. They were known as middlemen, so one can see, whereas one African might think he was one of his own, they came to enslave and doom their own. In return for capturing the Africans, the Europeans provided those sub-par weapons and tools, not worth the total price but to the foolish middlemen, they were of the best quality. In essence, Greed was a major player in this. Eric Williams stated in his work that â€Å"Here, then is the origin of Negro slavery. The reason was economic, not racial; it has to do not with the color of the laborer, but the cheapness of labor. As compared with Indian and white labor, Negro slavery was eminently superior. † (19) From his perspective, an economic one, his deductions has all the truth attached to it. Negro slavery is indeed superior to all other races of slavery but from another view, the Europeans did have pre-existing prejudice towards the Negroid people, their hate and prejudice towards them was just amplified when encountered the Negros. This view have even been backed by Hilary Beckles and Verene Shepherd when they stated â€Å" This was a unique form of domination in which one group was defined and used another group as property; in which people were targeted for slavery because of their race; they were described as sub-human, and they were bonded to each other for life. Chattel slavery brought economic power to the Caribbean and the lives of the Negroid people has been scarred ever since the advent of African Slavery. Chattel slavery brought much more than a few million people, a whole new race to our shores. Hilary Beckles and Verene Shepherd expressed â€Å"the enslaved people survived and they protected their humanity and identity; and over time they redefined themsel ves as a new, vibrant cultural force. † (137) Chapter Two : Culture, Art, Music & Religion The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean was a perilous one. Tribes from all over West Africa such as the Mande and the Mandingo congregated and stacked like sardines in one deck. They were separated from the rest of civilization and their family. Often, they could not speak to one another, whether it is by difference in language or values. Never the less, the African people adapted and they banded together, took on cultural customs and traditions that strengthened their ethnic identity. They developed attitudes and practices that shaped the Caribbean civilization as we know it today. The main idea to understand is that they were scattered. No one African was acquainted with another upon arrival, meaning they were of different tribes, different backgrounds, cultural beliefs and language. They may have had knowledge of these people before but for the first time in their life, this is where they got to be acquainted with each other. There, they shared views, beliefs, customs and their languages. For some, it was the first time they had encountered the Europeans. Rather, some had previous knowledge of the Europeans through trade, migration and war. As a result of this, some may have had knowledge of Christianity and European languages even before arrival in the Caribbean. This cultural reshaping that Africans and Europeans experienced is called ‘creolisation’. Thus, those combined with the culture of Africans and Europeans, born into the Caribbean became known as Creoles. They procured rites and rituals that exist even to this day. Simple events that we know of today are because of the forerunners, our ancestors. They observed and preserved the rites and rituals that were a part of life in Africa. The coming together of these African and Post-African ideas came together to create an Afro-Caribbean community as we know it today. Rituals such as lighting up the grave, an event that we are fond of at the end of October were part of African culture. It was a part of paying respects to our ancestor and warding our own selves from harmful spirits. Similar to this are funeral procedurals. The Africans believed that death was just the start of a journey to pass over from toil to reward and in their case at the time, a life of slavery to an eternity of freedom. Beckles and Shepherd stated in their book that â€Å"the power of ancestors was central to African-Caribbean culture. To know ancestors was to know one’s cultural identity. (140) They procured dances and music as rituals that again pay respects to their ancestors and celebration of them. It was an intense ritual in which it was said the person was possessed in order to feel the waves and moves of the dance. This was their way of attributing their ancestors, to demonstrate that in the Caribbean Africans had their own recognized ancestral culture that w as still important to them. Events on holidays and labor free days were a time of friendship and kinship. It was a time of sharing with their enslaved brothers in times of despair. They often danced on evenings (which became a part of the African-Caribbean culture). They even formed festivals where they danced and celebrated, one notable festival is the Crop-Over festival in Barbados, one that is still happening even today. They had even more established festivals and rituals where they danced such as the Gombay festival, John Canoe dance and the Kumina dance. There are even more dances each that are identifiable to each different colony in the Caribbean. They incorporated their religion from Africa in the West Indies. They brought their spirit based religions such as obeah or voodoo and myal. It was the belief of the people that it was possible for the living to use ancestral spirits to determine the future and to shape the nature of social events. The myal and obeah religion was a high prolific aspect in the community. It was used for removing curses, cures for illnesses, bless children and curious insights. Incorporation with European beliefs and African gave birth to what we know as the Baptist Faith today. This aspect of religion is still up today and continues to make its mark on the community. It’s not going anywhere time soon, even now; most grand-parents and parents believe and attend Baptist churches across the nations of the Caribbean. Notably however, West Indian Cricket became an important aspect in their communities. Cricket was invented by the English and thus it founds it way into the Caribbean during a period of war between Britain and France. The Africans observed it and began to practice it. Cricket quickly became incorporated in their communities as entertainment away from the hard days of field work. In conclusion of this chapter, the Africans brought a host of their art, religions, beliefs and cultures. They mixed and nurtured the combination of cultures that clashed in the Caribbean. They formed it to be their own and formed a new way of life. The cultural rites and rituals that exist today, that pay respect to their Ancestors while carving a path to the future, the dances that provided entertainment that procured kinship and friendship among the communities and the wider area the colonies, the art and music that is unique to the Caribbean, the only place in the world, forms a cultural boom that wavelengths across the Caribbean and make what makes the Caribbean our home. Bibliography: 1. Hilary Beckles, Shepherd, Verene. Liberties Lost: Caribbean Indigenous Societies and Slave Systems. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 2. Williams, Eric. Capitalism and Slavery. United States of America: The University of North Carolina Press, 1994. 3. Verene Shepherd, Beckles, Hilary. Caribbean Slavery in the Atlantic World. Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, 2000 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery. United States of America, The University of North Carolina Press, 1994, 19 [ 2 ]. Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery. United States of America, The University of North Carolina Press, 1994, 6 [ 3 ]. Hilary Beckles, Liberties Lost: Caribbean Indigenous Societies and Slave Systems. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 137 [ 4 ]. Hilary Beckles, Liberties Lost: Caribbean Indigenous Societies and Slave Systems. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 138 [ 5 ]. Hilary Beckles, Liberties Lost: Caribbean Indigenous Societies and Slave Systems. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 147

Business Plan for a Trade School

BUS 435 Business Plan for a Opening a Trade School ? Table of Contents I. Executive Summary3 II. Description of the business4 III. Marketing5 IV. Research, design, and development9 V. Operations segment10 VI. Management12 VII. Financial forcasting14 VIII. Harvest strategy16 I. Executive Summary This business plan is to open a door for young adults that want to learn a trade and earn their way in life.Not all high school aged students are eager to go onto a college or a university and this can be for many reasons: perhaps they are not ready to leave home; cannot afford; they are academically challenged; not sure what they want to major in; the list can go on and on. My wish for these young adults is for them to explore what their capabilities are through learning a trade. This trade school is the only one of its kind in this county, we want to offer a variety of skill sets to the students without them having to travel far or live elsewhere.We feel that instead of the undue stress that can wreak havoc on these young adults and their families as to what to do after high school if they are not ready to attend an academic college or university, why not offer them an option of a skill that will enable them to make money and be a prelude to an academic school. Currently, what I am seeing with these young adults that are stuck on what do to with their lives, is a huge increase in drug use, crime and horrifically death. II. Description of the businessOur school would offer barrage of choices from traditional trades for the students that are good with their hands should definitely consider a skilled trade such as plumbing, electrical work, carpentry, welding, and mechanical repair. Additionally, we would offer automotive repair and service certifications, as our vehicles become more complicated and there are more and more commuters in this region, this is a great avenue to consider getting certified in. Our automobiles are not the only thing that continues to change and get upgraded, our technology is forever changing and improving as well.With that stated we will offer industrial technology and machine technology programs. Industrial technology is somewhere between a business and an engineering degree; for the most part they take care logistic and operational problems in the industrial environment. Whereas machine technology students will have the ability to build a car on an assembly line, become a machinist by operating a precision grinder and a vertical milling machine, or even computerized robotic machine.And lastly, we want to branch out and offer the artistic talent in the community the option of developing their talent, be it in interior decorating, art work, or design. III. Marketing There are two target markets that I would start my focus on for my new venture of a trade school; one being high schools, the second being the surrounding businesses that are downsizing. I would visit the schools and set up career days to inform potential stud ents of the opportunities that are available and leave literature and a website address to visit for more information as well as fill out a short survey.Also, toward the end of senior year for these students, when the teachers and counselors give information on what to expect for college and forward thinking for their children; I would arrange being at this event to provide the same information to the parents that the students received. As most parents know not all informational pamphlets make it home. This will provide the data on what type of trades if any the students are interested in and how serious the interest is by the parents. The target of large businesses is basically to try to negotiate getting the people they are letting go on board to learn a new trade as an option.I would try to get these businesses to pay for the trade school tuition as part of a severance package; depending on the length of service. So, leaving information for employees to check out the website and fill out a short survey to provide me with the interest and in what field that interest is. After obtaining the data, analyzing it and working through my reports; the next step which is just as important is the immediate follow up with each interested party. Following up on leads when they are warm is essential when the topic is fresh in memory. After these new data are obtained, the owner/manager must know how to objectively arrange, analyze, and interpret them to draw valuable conclusions,† (Kuratko & Hornsby, 2009, p 137). Also offering a survey online on our website would be another way to conduct it. This can be done without costing a bundle by getting in touch with a graphics design student and hiring him/her to set up a our website that prospective students can go to and do the survey as well as learn about our school and all it has to offer.By conducting a survey sample to a small group of potential students it enabled us to gain insight as to what areas students were interested in getting their education in and if they were open to receiving knowledge of a trade school as an option for said interest. A request to participate in the survey was emailed to 5 individuals. The survey posed four questions to these recipients, as listed below. 1) What are your plans after you graduate? A. Attend community college B. Attend a university C. Work D. Other __________________ ) What career interests you and why? ______________________ 3) Are you interested in learning about our local trade school and what we offer our students? A. Yes B. No C. Maybe 4) What will the total annual costs be at the school you want to attend? A. 0. 00 – 5,000. 00 B. 6,000 – 15,000 C. 16,000 – 25,000 D. 30,000 and up The first question, there were 2 respondents that chose B) to attend a university; one that chose A) community college; 1 chose A) community college and C) work; and 1 choose C) work.From the answers to this question I can surmise that 4 of the p articipants are interested in continuing their education, and possibly 3 could be interested in a trade school if it offered the programs they are interested in. The second question, 3 out of the 5 chose something in the medical profession; health practitioner; medical esthetician; and a radiology technician. 1 respondent chose computer programming; and 1 chose unsure. From this information I would say there are possibly four potential students, the health practitioner would obviously need to obtain a degree from a medical school.On the Third question, 3 out of 5 chose no, they did not want to receive information on the trade school or what it had to offer, and 2 that did. The way I posed the question might have something to do with the negative responses, as most people are turned off to receiving more junk mail, and or get signed up for something they don't want. Perhaps if I had posed the question in a more inviting manner than as matter of fact as I did; for instance, we will be hosting an open house at our facility with refreshments and would like to extend an invitation to you.That could have made it more pleasing to read and thoughtful. And lastly, 3 of the respondents chose B) 6,000 to 15,000 for annuals costs, 1 respondent chose A) 0. 00 to 5,000, and 1 respondent chose 30,000 and up. It is clear that the majority expect to pay up to 15,000 a year in costs for education. The results are not completely positive from this survey; it seems that trade schools may have a stigma. And since we haven't had a trade school of this kind in our area for decades, it is time to reeducate people on what benefits come from trade/vocational schools.There are so many young adults that are not yet sure of which direction to go, this trade school is local so it keeps the costs down by not sending the children away to college to find that they are either not ready, drop out, change their major, etc. It is just another option one that allows the student to perhaps test the waters and in the process learn a trade and apply that experience to earn and income and further their education. IV. Research, design, and development Setting up a board of trustees for this school is my next step.This board will consist of a variety of people some with experience in each of the programs we have to offer as well as education, and the fundamentals of running a school. This group will be responsible for developing processes for the daily school functions, as well as the policies and procedures for the school. Obtaining an accountant and attorney will also be important to get their expertise when it comes to the licensing, operating permits, occupancy certifications and accreditations that may be required.Additionally, assessing what equipment and materials will need to be purchased for not only the administrative area like the copier, fax machine, etc. But also for the classrooms in what their programs are automotive, welding, sewing machines, art materials, etc. Al so any costs that are related to renovating the structure will need to be included. And then there are the start up costs of the school and its daily operations that need to be taken into consideration: utilities, payroll, postage, clerical help, maintenance staff, advertising and marketing.In hiring staff I want to look to the retirement community especially people that are seasoned in the trades that we offer and with the proper training can teach. This allows our retired workers to share their knowledge in their specialized career, and stay an active member of the community. Most of these retired teachers will have their insurance already and an established income. So, the cost of providing insurance for them will be little to none. V. Operations segment The sales budget is a new businesses main budget that when finalized is the baseline budget to build other budgets off of.The cash budget is factored on what type of daily and weekly cash needs the business will need for overhead operations. It involves the maintenance of the expenses as well to know what the allotment of monies there should be for that certain duration of time. â€Å"By linking the other budgets to sales, the owner/manager can adjust expenditures up or down depending on the status of operations. If sales are greater than expected, production can be raised and the number of personnel can be increased.Conversely, if sales are slower, production can be halted temporarily and some employees can be released,† (Kuratko & Hornsby, 2009, p 226). The necessity of sales and cash budgeting management is crucial in my venture, knowing how many students would need to be enrolled to meet and exceed the costs to run the facility is imperative. Having the estimated sales figures and adjusting accordingly as the year progresses to see if the planning was off and if so, make the appropriate changes to the budget plan.I think the best choice for this school in the way of legal forms of business would be the Limited Liability Company (LLC). By choosing an LLC this protects me from personal liability. (In the case of injury like a resident slipping on water in the bathroom or choking on their meal, the lawyers can't go after your house. ) Also, only the amount of money you put into an LLC is at risk. LLCs have other qualities as well: they are not as complex and more flexible; they don't require a board of directors, shareholder meetings and other managerial formalities; they allow entrepreneurs to split up the profits any way they choose.With the type of facility I would like to have and under this form of business I would be able to draw in investors with offering maybe a bigger piece of the profits than their initial investment would warrant. This kind of flexibility could help raise the millions in start-up costs to open one of these facilities. â€Å"The disadvantages of the LLC are relatively few. Perhaps the greatest disadvantage is that LLC statutes differ from state to s tate, and thus any firm engaged in multistate operations may face difficulties.In an attempt to promote some uniformity among the states in respect to LLC statutes, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws drafted a uniform limited liability company statute for submission to the states to consider for adoption. Until all of the states have adopted the uniform law, however, an LLC in one state will have to check the rules in the other states in which the firm does business to ensure that it retains its limited liability,† (Kuratko & Hornsby, 2009, p 115). VI. ManagementBy setting up a clearly identified strategic organizational list of goals to ensure all employees are aware and understand the vision of the organization. In setting up these goals there needs to be a measuring metrics that is specific to real data that flows within the organization and set up for each specific department. So for instance, registering new students and their demographic data would be a measurement from the administrative department, and the students grades would be a measurement from the teaching department.This process of deciding what should be measured based on the goals of the organization should be a type of value stream mapping that should include all the employees as a group. This allows for excellent input and good communications and the old open door policy adage; which in turn makes for a better work environment and higher morale. Once each goal is clearly defined and the performance standards are set, they must be monitored on a periodic basis to see if the target is being met and if not why.This also allows employees to take accountability for their functions and to understand how their duties fit into the big picture, and this can be a realization of the importance of their function as they increase the ownership of their goals. When monitoring the progress and there is a low mark in a particular category, at this point it is imperative to perform something called a Relentless Root Cause Analysis (RRCA), this is a process that we used at a former job), and was quite handy on getting results.There is also the 5-why method or the fish bone analysis, all of which are good analytical methods to find the problem and resolve it. When measurements prove positive having a type of reward for the employee or department sends a positive message to the achievers that their efforts are valued. This is an ongoing process and whether the results are positive or not from the measuring metrics should always include all the employees so they understand where the hiccups are and what needs to be done to rectify them as well as enjoy the benefits of a job well done. VII. Financial forecastingIn order to obtain the start-up capital for my trade school, I would look into many different sources starting with foundations and nonprofits that are experienced committed to underwriting educational projects. â€Å"State grants help State and loc al schools offer programs to develop the academic, vocational and technical skills of students in high schools, community colleges, and regional technical centers. Funds from this program can be used for a broad range of programs, services, and activities designed to improve career–technical education programs and ensure access to students who are members of populations with special needs,† (ed. ov). The type of loan that would make sense for my venture is the Term Loan, and it has a maturity from 1 to 10 years, this enables me to take the time to build my business and pay back the loan over a longer period of time. I would additionally think about having a line of credit open for the just in case scenarios that can arise in a business. Seeking avenues of financing for my school will involve fundraising; this also gets our schools name out there.Write up a strategic professional business plan to present to local donors and once our school is able to start showing the su ccess rate of our students, use that data to gather more donors. Also, by getting in touch with local and national companies to determine if they will sponsor our school with supplies or funds, will help with costs. The necessity of sales and cash budgeting management is crucial in my venture, knowing how many students would need to be enrolled to meet and exceed the costs to run the facility is imperative.Having the estimated sales figures and adjusting accordingly as the year progresses to see if the planning was off and if so, make the appropriate changes to the budget plan. To set the costs for the services for the trade school, I would research the closest similar schools and calculate an average based on that data. One of the pricing strategies I would be using for the start up business is the sliding price strategy. This would allow students to enroll and have a payment plan established based on their financial support, be it their parents, financial aid, etc.Providing discou nts for hardship cases, and/or students that excelled in high school, or want to barter. â€Å"A sliding price strategy is a method of moving prices in relation to demand,† (Kuratko & Hornsby, 2009, p 148). The other pricing strategy would be price bundling, â€Å"a type of pricing in which customers acquire a â€Å"host of goods or services† along with the product they purchase, â€Å"(Kuratko & Hornsby, 2009, p 152). This would be like offering specialized subjects as add-ons to courses as a bundle package.For instance, taking water color painting, and adding oil painting would be a bundled course. VIII. Harvest strategy I would actually do both long-term debt and equity financing, and here is why. With a new venture I would choose long-term debt in the beginning. This allows me to be in control of the business, and therefore if there is a profit great; if there is failure then it will only affect me. Also, the interest on the loan is tax-deductible. I would feel t errible if I asked for assistance from family and friends then lost their monies. Debt capital is divided into three categories: (1) current or short term, (2) intermediate term, and (3) long term. Short-term liabilities (debt) include borrowed money that must be repaid within the next 12 months; intermediate term refers to loan-payback periods from 1 to 10 years; and long-term debt is payable sometime beyond 10 years, depending on the loan terms,† (Kuratko & Hornsby, 2009, p 171). Due to the large upfront money it will take to get my venture off the ground, having the ability to make payments over a long period of time is more feasible than trying to come up with it myself.Now once my business starts to show progress and is in the black for a historical period of time (1-5 years? ) that is when I would enlist investors. At that point in time I would assess a business strategy and see if the monies that are being invested should be applied to loans or used to grow the business . But at least at this point there would be a track record to show the investors why my business would be a good venture. â€Å"Inherent dangers lurk in family business investments, however.Unrealistic expectations or misunderstood risks have destroyed many friendships and have ruined many family reunions. To avoid such problems, an entrepreneur must honestly present the investment opportunity and the nature of the risks involved to avoid alienating friends and family members if the business fails,† (Zimmerer et el, 2008, p 468). † ? References Cohen, Gail (nd). How to Open a Trade School. Retrieved from the Internet website www. ehow. com at http://www. ehow. com/how_4829389_open-trade-school. tml Anonymous (January 2012). Vocational Education–Basic Grants to States. Ed. gov. Retrieved from the Internet website http://www2. ed. gov/programs/ctesbg/index. html Kuratko, D. F. , & Hornsby, J. S. (2009). New Venture Management the Entrepreneur’s Roadmap. Uppe r Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc Zimmerer, T. W. , Scarborough, N. M. & Wilson, D. (2008). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management (5th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Critical review of paper+ powerpoint slides Literature

Critical of paper+ powerpoint slides - Literature review Example The research addressed factors that what would make someone a good pharmacist and shared work situations that would made them uncomfortable ,or where pharmacist have to make compromises with regards to laws and make hard choices through professional judgement and decision making skills. The aim is to analyse pharmacy values across the profession . The a sample technique was adopted. It included 38 participants including 18 community pharmacists, 10 hospitals and 10 others (containing primary care trusts, senior management positions and academia). The pharmacists were chosen from variety of geographical locations, different ages, gender, experiences, employment statuses and ethnicities. The participants were selected via a snowballing process. It begin with contacts of the project team and was taken forward through referrals both from participants and associated institutional gatekeepers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The principles of grounded theory informed the analytical process. The analytical process involved the summarising , categorising and linking of significant collection of data (open coding) which was then merged into larger sets (axial codes). A process was run of constant comparision was used within and across interviews and both open and axial codes were revised frequently. The paper presented data analysis followed by a discussion of.steps that were taken to ensure the validity and reliability of the work. The first nine transcripts were read and analysed by all the authors. Emerging analysis was presented to the pharmacy audience and feedback was taken to rives. The data was corrected and refined according to analytical categories. To understand the values of pharmacy practitioners it is important for the data to come directly or indirectly from the pharmacists. The method used is a purposive sampling so that the

Toyata Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyata - Case Study Example The main office of the company is situated in Tokyo. The company is one of the greatest giants in the field of the world machine building, though it also has expanded into the area of robot building. The mission of Toyota, can be summarized as the following â€Å"to attract clients who value safety and quality as the first priority†. The company also has a well-established system of principles that is strictly followed in all countries of its operation. It proclaims the principle of the respect of any language and traditions of the nation that they involve into their operation or marketing processes. One of the most significant principles is to do one’s best to create a comfortable atmosphere in the company to motivate the staff to be dedicated to their work. The vision of the company covers the company’s prosperity up to 2020. They see the company’s goal in constant development, penetration into new territories, increasing the quality of the car and improvement of the life quality. According to the company statute the eventual goal is to achieve the total satisfaction of a customer. Up to 2020 the company is planning to set the car production or at least its assembly in several countries that still do not have Toyota plant in. They also intend to introduce several new car models. The current strategy of Toyota originates from the one within its foundation. The main principle of it is ‘Just in Time production’ (that implies the manufacturing process follow the time-plan strictly). The company has worked out the System of Toyota Production that covers such elements as teamwork, mutual respect, constant improvement, and facing the challenge. The company’s strategy is to achieve expansion and development. In the industry of operation the company possesses the fifth place in the world. By now a comfortable, safe and reasonable priced car has also captured the American market that with the world crisis started looking for less luxurious

Ethical Decision Making in Criminal Justice Assignment

Ethical Decision Making in Criminal Justice - Assignment Example This clearly illustrates how far ethics encroach into personal desires. To start with, it is unethical to lie in the questionnaire. However, in the event that the prospective police officer lies and does not get discovered, there still will be implications on the officer’s operations. One of the ways in which this event would affect the police officer’s operation is through the initiation of a chain of events geared at covering up the past. The police officer will always be afraid that one day the truth may be discovered leading to a tougher consequence; maybe get dismissed and a jail term on top of it all. This greatly impedes on the police officer’s execution of duties due to the fear of getting discovered as well as a guilty conscience(Prenzler, 2009).   Telling the truth would have been the ethical thing to do for the police officer. This would have been the first step towards acceptance of past mistakes and indicating the will to forge ahead with no burden at all. Telling the truth serves as an indicator of how committed he is to upholding ethics in the new workplace. By telling the truth, the police officer will be free of any guilt and will also earn more credibility from the officers to whom he is required to report. This implies that the officer has more to gain than lose by telling the truth, which would in turn may be used as a basis to clear his name from the past mess. The decision must be based on personal discretion and possible results of the due process (Pollock, 2012). It would make no sense to reveal details of one’s involvement in a past mischief and leave the details of those that were party to it. It is obvious that there are agencies that will follow up the revealed details to confirm their validity and truthfulness. This means that the friend’s involvement will be discovered. In the event that, the friend’s details were left out, it would appear

Assessing and Managing Patients with Musculoskeletal Conditions Article

Assessing and Managing Patients with Musculoskeletal Conditions - Article Example The journal, which is the focus of this critique, is entitled "Assessing and Managing Patients with Musculoskeletal Conditions", written by Nicola L. Judge. It was published in the Nursing Standard last September 2007. The journal dealt with how a nurse should assess patients presenting with musculoskeletal conditions. Some of the aims of this journal were for the readers understand the pathology of several common musculoskeletal conditions as well as the principles of common symptom management. The population discussed in this journal is musculoskeletal patients, and these would include athletes or people who engage themselves in an active lifestyle.Judge gave important anatomy and physiology concepts regarding the musculoskeletal system such as the type, classification and function of muscles, bones, ligaments and joints. The author also discussed common musculoskeletal conditions such as osteroarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteroporosis, fractures and sports injuries.Judge (200 7) also considered examination techniques and principles of nursing care. The health assessment procedures stated in this journal includes some of the most important information to ask the patient during history taking. The author stated that the cause, whether it is traumatic or non-traumatic should be first established. Next, the onset of the symptom, whether it is acute or gradual and the severity, pertaining to the extent of the affectation should be asked. Any precipitating and relieving factors should also be noted.

Why Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Violence - Essay Example any given social set up solving problems through fighting is not viewed as a philanthropic way of solving problems, it is quite true that in some instances violence is the solution. I agree with the author that violence is of great political importance to the society especially an effective method to solving problems of political dominance. For any kind of violence to be an effective solution to a given political problem, the people fighting should be more superior to their adversaries. It is a fact that the effect or threat of violence can compel acquiescence among people with different political views. Occasionally, peacefully expression of views or negotiations has always failed in finding a solution to political problems such as abuse of power, election problems, and power wrangles among others. The author does a great work by giving examples of countries and regimes where violence has been used as means to solving political problems. For instance, threats of violence led to the ousting of president Mubarak of Egypt by the protesters and Quddafi regime was only defeated through war (Ginsberg, 4). It is a fact that violence is also an important aspect of political and social change in any given society setup as expressed by Ginsberg in the article. Over the past years since the end of world wars, different nations have been driven to invent and make advanced weapons that can be used to subdue their adversaries and bring power balance. This in turn has led to changes in both the social and political arena among nations involved. For instance, Iraq has been seeking to make nuclear weapons to gain control over the Middle East, which has also led to the emergence of terror groups that function through blackmail of the entire process. In addition to such political changes, I agree with the author that violence played a significant role in addressing the problems and challenged faced by the African Americans in the United States. Although social injustices such as

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

English - Essay Example We aim to acquire, collect and present to our customer the finest works of art available on the market scene in a variety of media and concepts as well as supplying art materials to our customers.† â€Å"Our vision is to expand our business into promoting a strong arts education and arts appreciation for our customers, the general public and educational institutions with interest in art. We aim to develop and integrate our brand (ABCs) into a household name in the art market.† The aim of the company is to gain a considerable market share through a differentiation strategy, maintain healthy terms with the Artists working for the company to ensure long term relationships and to create and sustain an effective and aggressive marketing, which will be the main key to the company’s success. ABC also aims at providing a fully interactive and real time website to be developed gradually from the basic eCommerce website. This is the basic plan for the set of up of a new business in the field of art. Hence this is a very effective and positive business plan which has been well thought out and planned and can be implemented with a lot of

Highschool Dropouts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Highschool Dropouts - Research Paper Example Timely solutions are necessary especially since there has not been a substantial improvement in the figures even after the education reforms of the past few decades. Consequently, this essay explores the extend of high school dropout rate while suggesting the possible reasons why many students do not stay in school until graduation in addition to providing possible solutions to end the cycle. Statistics notes the current annual high school dropout figure to be 3,030,000(Education Week, 2013). The high number of high school dropouts in US educational system has not gone unnoticed given the number of national policies that have been put in place over the years to reverse the cycle. The year 1990 recorded a change in the way the state and federal government handled the issue of high school dropouts through adoption of six national goals that were to be achieved by the year 2000. The second goal in the six national goals underlies the government’s commitment towards improving the high school graduation rate up to 90 percent in addition to an undertaking which would see the prevailing gap in high school graduation rates among minority and non-minority students eliminated. The six national goals for the reduction of high school dropout rate has had a significant impact as seen from the decreasing levels of drop outs from 1990s figures of 9 percent for whites, 13.2 percent for African American and 32.4 percent for Hispanic to the 2009 dropout figures of 5.2 percent for whites and 9.6 percent for African American and 17.6 percent for the Hispanic. During the same period, high school dropout rates across gender and race reduced from 12.1 percent to 8.1 (Education Week, 2013) The number of high school dropouts has a significant impact on the social, cultural, political and economic ambitions of a country. The future of any country literary depends on the education of the children since they are future citizens, professionals, and leaders therefore making education the major tool for empowerment of a country’s citizenry in addition to the guaranteed development of personal, economic, and social well-being of the people in a society. Therefore, high drop outs reduce the number of qualified human resource from varied social backgrounds that are necessary for making essential public policies both in political and professional positions. As a consequence, in undertaking the educational journey students should be encouraged to remain in schools up to the graduation time for them to increase their knowledge skills and attitude that will make them adapt to their social responsibility, healthy, and be contributing citizens (Greenberg et al., 2003). Economically, high school dropouts earn lower pays on average compared to those who graduated where male dropouts of ages 25 to 65 had an annual average earning of about $26,400 compared to the average of $35,000 that male high school graduates earn annually which is still lower compared to $40,000 that a male college graduate in the same age bracket earned (Lofstrom, 2008). The current vicious cycle of high school dropout can be explored under different levels considering the fact the statistics are not even across different sex where the percentage of male at 9.1% is more than that of female at 7%, race